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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Security Supervision under the EECC

With this report ENISA aims to support EU countries with their transposition, by analysing the main changes to the security requirements and the security supervision under the new rules. The principles of security supervision under the new rules (…
National / EU authorities

Overview of standards related to eIDAS

The scope of this document is to assess the suitability of the recently published ENs to fulfil the eIDAS Regulation requirements, and to describe the differences with the previous TSs, in view of a possible update of the list of standards…
Private Sector

Recommendations for technical implementation of the eIDAS Regulation

The present report aims to propose ways in which the eIDAS assessment regime can be strengthened based on the current regime of the eIDAS Regulation, the stakeholders’ concerns and the legitimate need to move towards a more harmonised approach with…
Private Sector

Pseudonymisation techniques and best practices

This report explores further the basic notions of pseudonymisation, as well as technical solutions that can support implementation in practice. Starting from a number of pseudonymisation scenarios, the report defines first the main actors that can…
Private Sector

Good practices in innovation on Cybersecurity under the NCSS

ENISA supports the efforts aimed to enhance the overall level of cybersecurity in the Member States (MS) both at a national and EU level. This report supports that effort by analysing how Member States are approaching innovation as a strategic…

National / EU authorities

Assessment of ETSI TS 119 403-3 related to eIDAS

This document assesses the eligibility of [ETSI TS 119 403-3], and the standards it builds upon, to be referenced in an implementing act adopted pursuant to Art.20(4) of the eIDAS Regulation. The findings suggest that if certain revisions take place…
Private Sector

Stock taking of security requirements set by different legal frameworks on OES and DSPs

In order to support organisations in their process of identifying appropriate security measures, based on the provisions of both NISD and GDPR, this report uses as basis the pre-existing ENISA guidance and presents a mapping of already identified…
Private Sector

Trust Services Security Incidents 2018 - Annual report

The annual report on Trust Services Security Incidents 2018 gives an aggregated overview of security breaches, showing root causes, statistics and trends. It marks the third round of security incident reporting for the EU’s trust services sector.…
Private Sector
telecom annual incident reporting 2018

Annual Report Telecom Security Incidents 2018

This is the 8th time ENISA publishes an annual incident report for the telecom sector. In 2018, half of the total user hours lost (482 million user hours) were due to natural phenomena. It is the first year that natural phenomena are the main root…
National / EU authorities

Towards a framework for policy development in cybersecurity - Security and privacy considerations in autonomous agents

One of the key aspects in autonomous systems is the data collected, mainly for supporting the demanding functionality in a qualitative and timely manner. The current study highlights a number of relevant security and privacy considerations, such as…
Private Sector