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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Good practices on the implementation of regulatory technical standards

MS approaches on PSD 2 implementation: commonalities in risk management and incident reporting - The main objective of this study is to identify the differences introduced by Member States in the implementation of the PSD2. In particular, the aim is…
Private Sector

Analysis of the European R&D priorities in cybersecurity

The present document provides a series of recommendations for the priorities in the EU for R&D in the domain of ICT security made after analysis of a wide series of interviews with domain experts. The proposed research priorities have the aim to…
National / EU authorities

Good practices on interdependencies between OES and DSPs

This study is concerned with dependencies and interdependencies among Operators of Essential Services (OES) and Digital Service Providers (DSPs) as defined in the NIS Directive and addresses emerging dependencies and interdependencies across sectors…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Guidelines on assessing DSP security and OES compliance with the NISD security requirements

This report presents the steps of an information security audit process for the OES compliance, as well as of a self-assessment/ management framework for the DSP security against the security requirements set by the NIS Directive. In addition, it…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector
signalling security in telecom ss7 diameter 5g

Signalling Security in Telecom SS7/Diameter/5G

The present study has deep dived into a critical area within electronic communications, the security of interconnections in electronic communications (signalling security). Based on the analysis, at this moment there is a medium to high level of…
Private Sector

Improving recognition of ICT security standards

This report is a continuation and an extension of previously carried out ENISA work on approaches to the NIS Directive by Member States, which have provided recommendations on standardisation and have outlined the use and management of CSIRTs.
National / EU authorities

Mapping of OES Security Requirements to Specific Sectors

The current report provides a substantial and comprehensive mapping of the security requirements for OES, as they have been agreed in the NISD Cooperation Group, to sector specific information security standards. ENISA conducted desktop research on…
Private Sector

Priorities for EU research

The objective of this current document is to provide an analysis of the research proposals of the ECSO SRIA document by briefly summarizing each research priority, and highlighting the areas where the priorities have to be aligned with the…
National / EU authorities

Stock taking of information security training needs in critical sectors

The primary objective of this project is to provide a mapping of ENISA’s training program and a strategy to adapt it in the light of the recently adopted EU NIS Directive, catering for the needs of the identified critical sectors.

Private Sector

Recommendations on aligning research programme with policy

The scope of this report is to review existing analysis reports on EU funded Trust and Security Projects, summarize achievements that have significantly promoted specific pillars of NIS, identify and summarize specific outcomes that can promote and…
National / EU authorities