Publications

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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Cybersecurity Challenges in the Uptake of Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Driving

This report, drafted jointly by ENISA and JRC, aims to provide insights on the cybersecurity challenges specifically connected to the uptake of AI techniques in autonomous vehicles. It describes the policy context at both the European and…
Private Sector

Artificial Intelligence Cybersecurity Challenges

This report presents the Agency's active mapping of the AI cybersecurity ecosystem and its Threat Landscape, realised with the support of the Ad-Hoc Working Group on Artificial Intelligence Cybersecurity. The ENISA AI Threat Landscape not only lays…
Private Sector

Guidelines for Securing the Internet of Things

This ENISA study defines guidelines for securing the supply chain for IoT. ENISA with the input of IoT experts created security guidelines for the whole lifespan: from requirements and design, to end use delivery and maintenance, as well as…
Private Sector

Cybersecurity Skills Development in the EU

This report focuses on the status of the cybersecurity education system and the inability to attract more students in studying cybersecurity and to produce graduates with “the right cybersecurity knowledge and skills”. It argues that many of the…
National / EU authorities

ECSC 2019 Analysis Report

This report contains the following key observations were made by independent third-party observers on the ECSC 2019 organisation. These observations have been produced based on the feedback collected from participants, members of the ECSC Jury,…
National / EU authorities

Good Practices for Security of IoT - Secure Software Development Lifecycle

This ENISA study introduces good practices for IoT security, with a particular focus on software development guidelines for secure IoT products and services throughout their lifetime. Establishing secure development guidelines across the IoT…
Private Sector

Industry 4.0 - Cybersecurity Challenges and Recommendations

In this short paper ENISA provides identifies the main challenges to the adoption of the security measures and security of Industry 4.0 and Industrial IoT. Moreover, ENISA lists high-level recommendations to different stakeholder groups in order to…
Private Sector

ECSC 2018 Analysis Report

The 5th Edition of the European Cyber Security Challenge, ECSC2018 was hosted in London during 14th to 17th October. The event was organised by the Cyber Security Challenge UK at the Tobacco Dock, an iconic grade one listed building which has a rich…
National / EU authorities

IoT Security Standards Gap Analysis

This study analyses the gaps and provides guidelines for, in particular, the development or repositioning of standards, facilitating the adoption of standards and governance of EU standardisation in the area of NIS.
Private Sector

Cyber Europe 2018 - After Action Report

ENISA has compiled all the information gathered during the exercise and produced an after-action report, identifying challenges and main takeaways, and making useful recommendations for the participants.
National / EU authorities