Publications

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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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QWACs Plugin

Proof of concept browser plugin to support the two-step verification of qualified certificates for web-site authentication

Conformity assessment of Trust Service Providers - Technical guidelines on trust services

Through this document, ENISA is supporting both Trust Service Providers and Conformity Assessment Bodies in the audit activities by presenting the auditing framework. It aims at helping Trust Service Providers fulfil the requirements defined by the…

Guidelines on Initiation of Qualified Trust Services - Technical guidelines on trust services

This document is one deliverable out of a series whose objective is to propose guidelines aimed at facilitating the implementation of the provisions related to trust services of the eIDAS Regulation in the area of qualified trust services. It…

Security framework for Trust Service Providers - Technical guidelines on trust services

Article 19, which is the main focus of this document, of the eIDAS Regulation, states that Trust Service Providers have to demonstrate due diligence, in relation to the identification of risks and adoption of appropriate security practices, and…

Recommendations for QTSPs based on Standards - Technical guidelines on trust services

Following the publication of the eIDAS Regulation, a set of secondary and co-regulatory acts had to be published in order to provide technical guidance on how to implement the specific requirements of the eIDAS Regulation (in the TSP part of…

Guidelines on Supervision of Qualified Trust Services - Technical guidelines on trust services

This document is one deliverable out of a series whose objective is to propose guidelines aimed at facilitating the implementation of the provisions related to trust services of the eIDAS Regulation in the area of qualified trust services. It…

Guidelines on Termination of Qualified Trust Services

This document proposes guidelines to SB and (Q)TSP aimed at facilitating the implementation of the provisions related to trust services of the eIDAS Regulation in the area of termination of trust services. Termination of QTS is addressed here in…

Annual Incident Analysis Report for the Trust Service Providers

This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the incident reporting procedure in the EU under the Article 19 of the eIDAS Regulation (2014/910/EC). Considering the fact that only the second half of 2016 was applicable and moreover that this…

Security guidelines on the appropriate use of qualified electronic registered delivery services

This document addresses qualified electronic registered delivery services and is one out of a series of five documents which aim to assist parties wishing to use qualified electronic signatures, seals, time stamps, eDelivery or website…

Security guidelines on the appropriate use of qualified electronic seals

This document addresses qualified electronic seals and is one out of a series of five documents which target to assist parties aiming to use qualified electronic signatures, seals, time stamps, eDelivery and website authentication certificates to…