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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Technical Guidelines for the implementation of minimum security measures for Digital Service Providers

ENISA has issued this report to assist Member States and DSPs in providing a common approach regarding the security measures for DSPs. This particular initiative has been achieved by examining current information and network security practices for…
Private Sector

Security aspects of virtualization

This report provides an analysis of the status of virtualization security. ENISA presents current efforts, emerging best practices and known security gaps, discussing the impact the latter have on environments based on virtualization technologies.…
Private Sector
enisa threat landscape report 2016

ENISA Threat Landscape Report 2016

The ENISA Threat Landscape 2016 - the summary of the most prevalent cyber-threats – is sobering: everybody is exposed to cyber-threats, with the main motive being monetization. The year 2016 is thus characterized by “the efficiency of cyber-crime…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector
hardware threat landscape

Hardware Threat Landscape and Good Practice Guide

The goal of this report is the compilation of a comprehensive landscape of hardware-related assets, threats, and good practices. This landscape provides basic information for manufacturers and developers who want to understand which threats their…
Private Sector
m2m communications threat landscape

Ad-hoc & sensor networking for M2M Communications - Threat Landscape and Good Practice Guide

The ad-hoc and sensor networking Threat Landscape and Good Practice Guide complements the Annual Cyber Security ENISA Threat Landscape (ETL). It provides a deep overview of the current state of security in the ad-hoc and sensor networking for M2M…
Private Sector

European Cyber Security Month 2016 - Deployment report

For the fourth consecutive year, last October the European Cyber Security Month (ECSM) campaign took place across Europe. The campaign was supported by ENISA, the European Commission, Europol’s EC3 and the European Banking Federation, plus partners…
Private Sector

Cyber Hygiene

This report looks at the leading cyber hygiene programs across the European Union and drills down into a selection of Small – Medium Enterprises to establish their understanding and engagement with the national strategies. Based on the information…
Private Sector

Privacy and Security in Personal Data Clouds

The main objective of this study is to identify the different architectures and components of Personal Data Clouds (PDCs) and discuss their privacy and security challenges. Based on an empirical analysis of various applications that fall under, or…
Private Sector

Challenges of security certification in emerging ICT environments

This report aims to provide decision makers with a thorough description of the security certification status concerning the most impactful equipment in five different critical business sectors. Results of this study should help to improve and…
National / EU authorities

Report on Cyber Security Information Sharing in the Energy Sector

The purpose of this report is to understand and learn the development of CSIRTs, ISACs, as well as relevant initiatives on information sharing on cyber security incidents in the energy sector by focusing on the subsectors identified in the NIS…
Private Sector