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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Algorithms, key size and parameters report 2014

The “Algorithms, key size and parameters” report of 2014 is a reference document providing a set of guidelines to decision makers, in particular specialists designing and implementing cryptographic solutions for personal data protection within…

Study on cryptographic protocols

Cryptographic algorithms, when used in networks, are used within a cryptographic protocol. Even if the cryptographic primitives and schemes (discussed in the “Algorithms, key size and parameters” report of 2014, see link below) are deemed secure,…

Cybersecurity competitions — the status in Europe

This report focuses on analysing the current situation concerning cybersecurity challenge competitions in Europe. The experience gathered will be the basis to develop a pan-European competition on cybersecurity.

Good Practice Guide on Training Methodologies

The goal of this document is to guide both novice and experienced trainers to design and deliver trainings of any size or type, and to make these trainings more successful, more “fun” and with better and longer lasting results.

Report on Cyber Crisis Cooperation and Management

This is a comparative study on the cyber crisis management and the general crisis management. The purpose of the study is twofold: to compare the concepts from general crisis management systems with the corresponding systems related to cyber crisis…

Roadmap for NIS education programmes in Europe

This document continues work from previous activities by suggesting training materials, scenarios and a way forward for implementing the EC roadmap for NIS education in Europe. In doing so, the Agency has recognised the heterogeneous landscape of…

Public Private Partnerships in Network and Information Security Education

This report focuses on the brokerage of best practices between the public and private sectors aimed at all members of the Network and Information Security Education community in Europe. ENISA is committed to taking the lead in encouraging the…
annual incident reports 2013

Annual Incident Reports 2013

The Annual Incidents report 2013 provides an aggregated analysis of the security incidents in 2013 which caused severe outages. Most incidents reported to regulators and ENISA involved mobile internet and mobile telephony connections.

Brokerage model for Network and Information Security in Education

By publishing the Brokerage model for Network & Information Security (NIS) in Education report, we aim to provide content and promote digital education on network and information security at all levels. The target group is composed of educators…

Recommendations for a methodology of the assessment of severity of personal data breaches

The European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA) reviewed the existing measures and the procedures in EU Member States with regard to personal data breaches and published in 2011 a study on the technical implementation of the…