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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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ENISA Threat Landscape (ETL) report is an annual report on the status of the cybersecurity threat landscape that identifies prime threats, major trends observed with respect to threats, threat actors and attack techniques, and also describes…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Involving Intermediaries in Cyber-security Awareness Raising

This document summarises the work carried out to involve intermediaries in cyber-security awareness raising by the European Commission and the European Network and Information Security Agency in cooperation with the United States Department of…

Proactive detection of security incidents II - Honeypots

An increasing number of complex attacks demand improved early warning detection capabilities for CERTs. By having threat intelligence collected without any impact on production infrastructure, CERTs can better defend their constituencies assets.…

The right to be forgotten - between expectations and practice

The right to be forgotten is included in the proposed regulation on data protection published by the European Commission in January 2012. The regulation is still to be adopted by the European Parliament for entering into force. The different legal…

Privacy considerations of online behavioural tracking

Internet users are being increasingly tracked and profiled and their personal data are extensively used as currency in exchange for services. It is important that this new reality is better understood by all stakeholders if we are to be able to…

National and International Cyber Security Exercises: Survey, Analysis & Recommendations

Cyber exercises are an important tool to assess the preparedness of a community against cyber crises, technology failures and critical information infrastructure incidents. ENISA supports the stakeholders involved in EU cyber exercises. This report…

Consumerization of IT: Top Risks and Opportunities

This report is an ENISA deliverable in the area of “Identifying & Responding to the Evolving Threat Environment”. It delivers the results of a risk and opportunity assessment in the area of “Consumerization of IT” (COIT), that is, the recent…

EISAS - Enhanced Roadmap 2012

The EISAS Enhanced Roadmap 2012 take account of the results of the EISAS Large scale pilot and foresee the next steps required for a full deployment of EISAS in the EU.
annual incident reports 2011

Annual Incident Report 2011

For the first time in the EU, in spring 2012, national reports about security incidents were provided to ENISA and the European Commission, under Article 13a of the Framework Directive (2009/140/EC). This is a new article in the EU legal framework…

Cyber Incident Reporting in the EU

We summarize different security articles in EU legislation which mandate cyber incidents and cyber security measures. In a single diagram we give an overview of Article 13a and Article 4 of the Telecom package, Article 15 of the proposed eID/eSig…

ENISA Smart Grid Security Recommendations

This study makes 10 recommendations to the public and private sector involved in the definition and implementation of smart grids. These recommendations intend to provide useful and practical advice aimed at improving current initiatives, enhancing…