NIS Investments Report 2020
Four years after the NIS Directive entered into force and two years after the transposition by Member States into their national laws, this report presents the findings of a survey of 251 organisations across five EU Member States (France, Germany,…
NIS Investments 2022
This report marks the third iteration of ENISA's NIS Investments report, which collects data on how Operators of Essential Services (OES) and Digital Service Providers (DSP) identified in the European Union’s directive on security of network and…
Standardisation in the field of Electronic Identities and Trust Service Providers
This paper explains why standards are important for cyber security, specifically in the area of electronic identification and trust services providers. A number of challenges associated with the definition and deployment of standards in the area of…
Trusted e-ID infrastructures and services in EU
ENISA has conducted a survey about the security mechanisms used by TSPs (Trust Service Providers) in Europe, and their interoperability, under the scope of the proposed new Regulation on electronic identification and trust services for electronic…
Cybersecurity Challenges in the Uptake of Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Driving
This report, drafted jointly by ENISA and JRC, aims to provide insights on the cybersecurity challenges specifically connected to the uptake of AI techniques in autonomous vehicles. It describes the policy context at both the European and…
Guidance and gaps analysis for European standardisation
This study aims to a) explore how the standards-developing world is responding to the fast-changing, demanding realm of privacy by mapping existing available standards and initiatives in the area and b) provide insights on the “state-of-the-art” of…
Recommendations on shaping technology according to GDPR provisions - An overview on data pseudonymisation
The scope of this report is to explore the concept of pseudonymisation alongside different pseusonymisation techniques and their possible implementation. The report is part of ENISA's work in the area of privacy and data protection, which focuses on…
2021 Report on CSIRT-Law Enforcement Cooperation
The purpose of this report is to further explore and support the cooperation between computer security incident response teams (CSIRTs), in particular national and governmental CSIRTs, and Law enforcement agencies (LEAs) and their interactions with…
Incentives and Barriers to Information Sharing
Given the acknowledged importance of information sharing, this report sets out findings from a research project into the barriers to and incentives for information sharing in the field of network and information security, in the context of peer-…
Overview of the practices of ICT Certification Laboratories in Europe
This study seeks to identify and analyse the current landscape of ICT security certification laboratories in EU Member States, comparing them also with third countries practices. The findings of this study will constitute the basis for the Agency’s…