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This study focuses on the evaluation of the interdependencies and communications between all the assets that make up the new power grids, their architectures and connections in order to determine their importance, threats, risks, mitigation factors…

The EU’s cyber security agency ENISA has analysed recent major cyber-attacks and is calling for Europe’s businesses and government organisations to take urgent action to combat emerging attack trends. These are characterised by established attack…

In response to the COVID19 pandemic, ENISA analysed the ability of SMEs within the EU to cope with the cybersecurity challenges posed by the pandemic and determining good practices to address those challenges. This report provides cybersecurity…

For the fifth year, ENISA publishes the annual report about significant outage incidents in the European electronic communications sector, which are reported to ENISA and the European Commission (EC) under Article 13a of the Framework Directive (…

The objective of this current document is to provide an analysis of the research proposals of the ECSO SRIA document by briefly summarizing each research priority, and highlighting the areas where the priorities have to be aligned with the…

Existing standards in the field have so far only addressed resilience indirectly and thus without detailed definition of the taxonomy and thus of the semantics of security. The primary purpose of an ontology and taxonomies defined in this context is…

The Emergency Communications Stocktaking project is an initiative of the European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) to determine how emergency services communicate within their own organisations and with each other in times of…

This document describes a framework for security incident reporting based on the requirements set by article 19 of the eIDAS regulation. It is being developed on a consensus basis between the experts of the working group formed by ENISA and it is…

This technical annex contains the four reviews that supported the writing of the report Review of “Behavioural Sciences Research in the Field of Cybersecurity”. The reviews are: 1. Measurement of cyber security attitudes and behaviours, 2.…

User Education is key in cyber security. Our work for this report follows up on previous efforts and suggested recommendations from 2014 and 2013. The first objective of this report is to identify gaps between available training courses,…