Cybersecurity Support Action
The ENISA Cybersecurity Support Action provides ex-post and ex-ante services and assistance to Member States' NIS2 Directive entities.
Towards a framework for policy development in cybersecurity - Security and privacy considerations in autonomous agents
One of the key aspects in autonomous systems is the data collected, mainly for supporting the demanding functionality in a qualitative and timely manner. The current study highlights a number of relevant security and privacy considerations, such as…
2020 Report on CSIRT-LE Cooperation: study of roles and synergies among selected countries
The purpose of this report is to further explore and support the cooperation between computer security incident response teams (CSIRTs), in particular national and governmental (n/g) CSIRTs, and law enforcement agencies (LEAs) and their…
Secure Group Communications for incident response and operational communities
With a number of cybersecurity incidents and an attack surface that increase every day, spanning from large infrastructures to the end users, there is the need to improve operational cooperation, preparedness and information exchange by promoting…
Sustained Activity by Threat Actors- Joint Publication
ENISA, the EU Agency for Cybersecurity, and CERT-EU, the Computer Emergency Response Team of all the EU institutions, bodies and agencies (EUIBAs), have issued a joint publication to alert on sustained activity by particular threat actors. Malicious…
Crypto Assets: Introduction to Digital Currencies and Distributed Ledger Technologies
This report aims to increase the understanding
of blockchain technologies. It aims to explain the underlying technical concepts and how they relate to each other. The goal is to explain the components,
and illustrate their use by pointing to…
Roadmap on the cooperation between CSIRTS and LE
The purpose of this roadmap is to further explore the cooperation across computer security incident response teams (CSIRTs) in particular with national and governmental - law enforcement (LE) and the Judiciary (prosecutors and judges). This roadmap…
Data Pseudonymisation: Advanced Techniques and Use Cases
This report, building on the basic pseudonymisation techniques, examines advanced solutions for more complex scenarios that can be based on asymmetric encryption, ring signatures and group pseudonyms, chaining mode, pseudonyms based on multiple…
Annual Privacy Forum (APF) 2025
After 12 years, the Annual Privacy Forum (APF) enters into a new era! ENISA passes the baton to Goethe University Frankfurt and Karlstad University for the continuation of the successful event that bridges research and policy…
Cyber Europe tests the EU Cyber Preparedness in the Energy Sector
The 7th edition of Cyber Europe, one of the largest cybersecurity exercises in Europe, organised by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) challenged the resilience of the EU energy sector.