Security aspects of virtualization
This report provides an analysis of the status of virtualization security. ENISA presents current efforts, emerging best practices and known security gaps, discussing the impact the latter have on environments based on virtualization technologies.…
EU Cybersecurity Initiatives in the Finance Sector
The finance sector is a heavily regulated sector, and cybersecurity provisions are already included in multiple EU policies and legislations (e.g. PSD 2 , MIFID II ). EU institutions, agencies, bodies, regulators and other groups of stakeholders run…
ENISA good practices for security of Smart Cars
This report defines good practices for security of smart cars, namely connected and (semi-) autonomous vehicles, providing added-value features in order to enhance car users’ experience and improve car safety. Taking stock of all existing…
Annual Privacy Forum (APF) 2025
After 12 years, the Annual Privacy Forum (APF) enters into a new era! ENISA passes the baton to Goethe University Frankfurt and Karlstad University for the continuation of the successful event that bridges research and policy…
Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Research
The aim of this study is to identify needs for research on AI for cybersecurity and on securing AI, as part of ENISA’s work in fulfilling its mandate under Article 11 of the Cybersecurity Act . This report is one of the outputs of this task. In it…
Cyber Security and Resilience of smart cars
The objective of this study is to identify good practices that ensure the security of smart cars against cyber threats, with the particularity that smart cars’ security shall also guarantee safety. The study lists the sensitive assets present in…
NFV Security in 5G - Challenges and Best Practices
In this report explores relevant challenges, vulnerabilities and attacks to the Network Function Virtualization (NFV) within the 5G network. NFV changes the network security environment due to resource pools based on cloud computing and open network…
Cybersecurity Challenges in the Uptake of Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Driving
This report, drafted jointly by ENISA and JRC, aims to provide insights on the cybersecurity challenges specifically connected to the uptake of AI techniques in autonomous vehicles. It describes the policy context at both the European and…
Port Cybersecurity - Good practices for cybersecurity in the maritime sector
Developed in collaboration with several EU ports, this report intends to provide a useful foundation on which CIOs and CISOs of entities involved in the port ecosystem, especially port authorities and terminal operators, can build their…
Putting EU resilience to the test: ENISA handbook on cyber stress testing
The Handbook for Cyber Stress Testing aims to support national authorities in assessing the cybersecurity and resilience of critical sector entities.