Publications

Featured publications

NIS Investments 2025

The annual NIS Investments report presents the findings of a study conducted by ENISA to explore how cybersecurity policy translates in practice across organisations in the EU and its effects on their investments, resources, and operations.

ENISA Threat Landscape 2025

Through a more threat-centric approach and further contextual analysis, this latest edition of the ENISA Threat Landscape analyses 4875 incidents over a period spanning from 1 July 2024 to 30 June 2025. At its core, this report provides an…

NIS2 Technical Implementation Guidance

This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The cybersecurity requirements for…

All publications

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Annual Report - Trust Services Security Incidents 2024

Every year national supervisory bodies must send annual summary reports about the notified breaches to ENISA and the Commission according to art 19 of the eIDAS regulation. This is the eighth round of reporting produced by ENISA, for the EU’s…

The EU Cybersecurity Index 2024

The EU Cybersecurity Index (EU-CSI) is a tool, developed by ENISA in collaboration with the Member States, to describe the cybersecurity posture of Member States and the EU. 

The intent of this publication is two-fold:
• Presenting…

ENISA Space Threat Landscape 2025

The primary objective of this report is to identify and assess the cybersecurity threat landscape for commercial satellites – exploring both existing and emerging challenges for the industry. This is achieved by focusing on cybersecurity aspects…

ENISA NIS360 2024

The NIS360 is a new ENISA product that assesses the maturity and criticality of sectors of high criticality under the NIS2 Directive, providing both a comparative overview and a more in-depth analysis of each sector. The NIS360 is designed to…

A Trusted and Cyber Secure Europe - ENISA Strategy

The mission of the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) is to achieve a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union. We aim to be a centre of expertise on cybersecurity, collecting and providing independent, high quality…

ENISA Threat Landscape: Finance Sector

This is the first analysis conducted by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) of the cyber threat landscape of the European finance sector. From January 2023 to June 2024, the European financial sector faced significant…

ENISA Single Programming Document 2025 - 2027 - Condensed version

The 2025 Work Programme outlines planned activities and objectives aimed at enhancing cybersecurity across the EU.

Annual Report - Trust Services Security Incidents 2023

ENISA’s 2023 report on trust services security incidents provides the seventh round of security incident reporting for the EU’s trust services sector, analysing root causes, statistics and trends. It is an aggregated overview of the reported…

Cyber Europe 2024 - After Action Report

The after action report provides an overview of the 2024 edition of the Cyber Europe exercise which was conducted in June and aimed at identifying gaps and increasing cybersecurity preparedeness and resilience. 

2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…