Publications

Featured publications

ENISA NIS360

This edition of the ENISA NIS360 report is the third to assess the cybersecurity maturity and criticality of all sectors of high criticality as identified under Annex I of the NIS2 directive. The assessment covers the entire ecosystem of a sector…

NIS Investments 2025

The annual NIS Investments report presents the findings of a study conducted by ENISA to explore how cybersecurity policy translates in practice across organisations in the EU and its effects on their investments, resources, and operations.

NIS2 Technical Implementation Guidance

This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The cybersecurity requirements for…

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ENISA Foresight Cybersecurity Threats for 2030

This study aims to identify and collect information on future cybersecurity threats that could affect the Union’s infrastructure and services, and its ability to keep European society and citizens digitally secure.

Cloud Cybersecurity Market Analysis

The present European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) report is an analysis of the cloud cybersecurity market, planned for in ENISA’s Work Programme 2022 ( ) under activity O.7.1., ‘Market analysis on the main trends in the cybersecurity…

ENISA Cybersecurity Market Analysis Framework (ECSMAF) -V2.0

This document is the cornerstone of ENISA activities in analysing the EU cybersecurity market. It presents the updated cybersecurity market analysis framework, a guidance, on how EU cybersecurity market analyses can be performed

ENISA Single Programming Document 2023-2025 Condensed

Condensed work programme 2023

ENISA Transport Threat Landscape

This report is the first analysis conducted by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) of the cyber threat landscape of the transport sector in the EU.
The report aims to bring new insights into the reality of the transport sector…

Cybersecurity of AI and Standardisation

The overall objective of the present document is to provide an overview of standards (existing, being drafted, under consideration and planned) related to the cybersecurity of artificial intelligence (AI), assess their coverage and identify gaps…

Embedded Sim Ecosystem, Security Risks and Measures

eSIM is the generic term used for the embedded form of a SIM (subscriber identity module) card. Built into the device, the eSIM is hosted on a tiny chip that provide storage for the mobile subscription details in digital format.

Like the…

Fog and Edge Computing in 5G

This report focuses on the fundamentals of fog and edge, an overview of their security aspects, the open challenges that these sectors face, the related standardisation efforts, the existing opportunities in this field, and different application…

Building Effective Governance Frameworks for the Implementation of National Cybersecurity Strategies

This study is focusing on the good practices around the set-up and deployment of a governance framework to support the implementation of the NCSS in the EU. The objective is to systematically review existing governance models relevant to the…

A Governance Framework for National Cybersecurity Strategies

This study focuses on the good practices around the set-up and deployment of a governance framework to support the implementation of the NCSS in the EU. The main aim of this statistical outline is to give an overview of the key findings of the…