Publications

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ENISA Threat Landscape 2025

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Through a more threat-centric approach and further contextual analysis, this latest edition of the ENISA Threat Landscape analyses 4875 incidents over a period spanning from 1 July 2024 to 30 June 2025. At its core, this report provides an…

NIS Investments 2025

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The annual NIS Investments report presents the findings of a study conducted by ENISA to explore how cybersecurity policy
translates in practice across organisations in the EU and its effects on their investments, resources, and operations.…

NIS2 Technical Implementation Guidance

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This report provides technical guidance to support the implementation of the NIS2 Directive for several types of entities in the NIS2 digital infrastructure, ICT service management and digital providers sectors. The…

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2021 Report on CSIRT-Law Enforcement Cooperation

The purpose of this report is to further explore and support the cooperation between computer security incident response teams (CSIRTs), in particular national and governmental CSIRTs, and Law enforcement agencies (LEAs) and their interactions with…
National / EU authorities

Aspects of Cooperation between CSIRTs and LE - Handbook 2021

This training material is an updated version of the training material Aspects of Cooperation between CSIRT and LE - Handbook, Document for trainers3, that was developed based particularly on the ENISA 2020 Report on CSIRT-LE Cooperation.
National / EU authorities

Aspects of Cooperation between CSIRTs and LE - Toolset 2021

This training material is an updated version of the ENISA training material Aspects of Cooperation between CSIRT and LE - Toolset, Document for trainees3, that was developed based particularly on the ENISA 2020 Report on CSIRT-LE Cooperation.
National / EU authorities
zoning and conduits for railways

Zoning and Conduits for Railways

This document gives guidance on building zones and conduits for a railway system. To do so, first the methodology is described. This approach is based on the recently published CENELEC Technical Specification 50701 (CLC/CLC/TS 50701:2021).

Private Sector
nfv security in 5g challenges and best practices

NFV Security in 5G - Challenges and Best Practices

In this report explores relevant challenges, vulnerabilities and attacks to the Network Function Virtualization (NFV) within the 5G network. NFV changes the network security environment due to resource pools based on cloud computing and open network…
Private Sector

ENISA CSIRT Maturity Framework - Updated and improved

This document presents the updated and improved version of ENISA’s Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRT) Maturity Framework that is intended to contribute to the enhancement of the capacity to manage cyber incidents, with a focus on…
National / EU authorities
ENISA International Strategy cover - November 2021

ENISA International Strategy

This international strategy covers the cooperation with international organisations and with non-EU countries. 

Boosting your Organisation's Cyber Resilience - Joint Publication

ENISA and CERT-EU strongly encourage all public and private sector organisations in the EU to adopt a minimum set of cybersecurity best practices.
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Security and Privacy for public DNS Resolvers

Domain Name System (DNS) resolution is a hierarchical distributed system of protocols and systems, whose main purpose is to map the human friendly domain names, such as www.example.com, to machine readable IP…
Private Sector

Data Protection Engineering

Data Protection Engineering can be perceived as part of data protection by Design and by Default. It aims to support the selection, deployment and configuration of appropriate technical and organizational measures in order to satisfy specific data…
Private Sector