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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Cybersecurity Certification: Candidate EUCC Scheme V1.1.1

Following the request from the European Commission in accordance with Article 48.2 of the Cybersecurity Act, ENISA has set up an Ad Hoc Working Group to support the preparation of a candidate EU cybersecurity certification scheme as a successor to…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

CTF Events

This report addresses the contemporary use of capture-the-flag (CTF) competitions around the world. It first provides background on such competitions, their structure and variations. Analyses of recent competitions is then conducted, comprising an…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Recommendations for the security of CAM

The aim of this report is to provide a high-level overview of the cybersecurity challenges in the CAM sector and to highlight both the concerned CAM actors and associated recommendations. Cybersecurity in the CAM ecosystem is partially standardised…
Private Sector

Post-Quantum Cryptography: Current state and quantum mitigation

This study provides an overview of the current state of affairs on the standardization process of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). It presents the 5 main families of PQ algorithms; viz. code-based, isogeny-based, hash-based, lattice-based and…
Private Sector

Cybersecurity Research Directions for the EU’s Digital Strategic Autonomy

The focus of this work is to identify the necessary research priorities to support the EU’s digital strategic autonomy and thus digital sovereignty. In this introductory chapter, we (i) analyse how the terms ‘digital strategic autonomy’ and ‘digital…
National / EU authorities

European Cybersecurity Month 2020 - Deployment Report

This report provides an overview of the activities organised and presents a synthesis of the findings based on evaluation and performance information gathered via two questionnaires, a social media monitoring report, and media and social monitoring…
Private Sector

ECSC 2020 Analysis Report

This report analyses the efforts provided by ENISA and national partners during the 2020 to support the growing of the European Cyber Security Challenge. The 7th Edition of the European Cyber Security Challenge, ECSC2020 planned initially for the…
National / EU authorities

Towards a Common ECSC roadmap

This report aimed to identify the key factors enabling the success of a national cybersecurity competition and to give a snapshot of the current situation in the EU and ECSC partner countries. To do that, we conducted a dozen of interviews with…
National / EU authorities

Cybersecurity Certification Market Study

This study proposes a set of initial methodological steps to work towards a market analysis on cybersecurity certification of ICT products, ICT services and ICT processes. The performance of a market analysis on cybersecurity certification aims to…
National / EU authorities

Technical Guideline on Incident Reporting under the EECC

This document describes the formats and procedures for cross border reporting and annual summary reporting under Article 40 of the EECC. Paragraph 2 of Article 40 describes three types of incident reporting: 1) National incident reporting from…
National / EU authorities