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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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ENISA Threat Landscape (ETL) report is an annual report on the status of the cybersecurity threat landscape that identifies prime threats, major trends observed with respect to threats, threat actors and attack techniques, and also describes…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Recommendations on shaping technology according to GDPR provisions - Exploring the notion of data protection by default

This report aims to shed some light on what the data-protection-by-default principle means in information technology design, what is the situation today, as well as how the new GDPR obligation could support controllers in selecting data-protection-…
Private Sector

Reinforcing trust and security in the area of electronic communications and online services

This study provides an overview of well-established security practices, for the purpose of sketching the notion of “state-of-the-art” in a number of categories of measures, as they are listed in ENISA’s guidelines for SMEs on the security of…
Private Sector
enisa threat landscape report 2018

ENISA Threat Landscape Report 2018

2018 was a year that has brought significant changes in the cyberthreat landscape. Those changes had as source discrete developments in motives and tactics of the most important threat agent groups, namely cyber-criminals and state-sponsored actors
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Good practices on the implementation of regulatory technical standards

MS approaches on PSD 2 implementation: commonalities in risk management and incident reporting - The main objective of this study is to identify the differences introduced by Member States in the implementation of the PSD2. In particular, the aim is…
Private Sector

IoT Security Standards Gap Analysis

This study analyses the gaps and provides guidelines for, in particular, the development or repositioning of standards, facilitating the adoption of standards and governance of EU standardisation in the area of NIS.
Private Sector

Towards global acceptance of eIDAS audits

The goal of the study is to explore the eIDAS Conformity Assessment Report (CAR), the corresponding audit requirements, gaps arising from comparison with competing audit schemes, and the emergent issues at the core of the global conversation between…
Private Sector
technical reports on cybersecurity situation the state of cyber security vulnerabilities

State of Vulnerabilities 2018/2019 - Analysis of Events in the life of Vulnerabilities

The purpose of this report is to provide an insight on both the opportunities and limitations the vulnerability ecosystem offers. By using the vulnerabilities published during the year of 2018 and Q1-Q2 of 2019 as a vehicle, this report goes beyond…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Cooperation between CSIRTs and Law Enforcement: interaction with the Judiciary

This report aims to support the cooperation between CSIRTs and Law Enforcement, as well as their interaction with the judiciary in their fight against cybercrime, by providing information on the legal, organisational, technical and cultural aspects…
National / EU authorities

Cyber Europe 2018 - After Action Report

ENISA has compiled all the information gathered during the exercise and produced an after-action report, identifying challenges and main takeaways, and making useful recommendations for the participants.
National / EU authorities

Analysis of the European R&D priorities in cybersecurity

The present document provides a series of recommendations for the priorities in the EU for R&D in the domain of ICT security made after analysis of a wide series of interviews with domain experts. The proposed research priorities have the aim to…
National / EU authorities